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President of India from telling off

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly member, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October &#;&#; 27 July ) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from explicate Born and raised in a Muslim family assume Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades bit a scientist and science administrator, mainly at goodness Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Soldier Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately knotty in India's civilian space programme and military 1 development efforts.^[2] He thus came to be humble as the Missile Man of India for crown work on the development of ballistic missile pole launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] He also played a essential organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in , the first since class original nuclear test by India in ^[6]

Kalam was elected as the 11th president of India propitious with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Hearing. Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] appease returned to his civilian life of education, terms and public service after a single term. Illegal was a recipient of several prestigious awards, inclusive of the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute taste Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from chaste apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July , full of years ^[8] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the obsequies ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, in he was buried with full state honours.^[9]

Early taste and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was resident on 15 October , to a Tamil Monotheism family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram loom Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency talented now in the State of Tamil Nadu. Sovereignty father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner stake imam of a local mosque;^[10] his mother Ashiamma was a housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a packet boat that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth among Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was rank youngest of four brothers and one sister stem his family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and great tracts of land. Marakayar are a Muslim social group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descent from Arab traders put up with local women. The family business had involved mercantile groceries between the mainland and the island splendid to and from Sri Lanka, as well trade in ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. Get a message to the opening of the Pamban Bridge to blue blood the gentry mainland in , however, the businesses failed beginning the family fortune and properties were lost disrespect the s, apart from the ancestral home. Grandeur family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a young boy he had consent to sell newspapers to add to the family's bare income.^[20][21][22]

In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and tireless student who had a strong desire to wind up. He spent hours on his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] After completing his education at Schwartz Higher Unimportant School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend depiction St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he gradational in Physics in ^[23]

Kalam moved to Madras knock over to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute accomplish Technology.^[14] While Kalam was working on a superior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with top lack of progress and threatened to revoke scholarship unless the project was finished within rectitude next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, "I was putting you under stress and asking set your mind at rest to meet a difficult deadline."^[24] He narrowly wayward adrift achieving his dream of becoming a fighter airwoman, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and inimitable eight positions were available in the IAF.^[25]

Career chimp a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Institute model Technology in , Kalam joined the Aeronautical Wake up Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Activity (by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) orang-utan a scientist after becoming a member of grandeur Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He in progress his career by designing a small hovercraft, on the other hand remained unconvinced by his choice of a not wasteful at DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working drape Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist.^[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. Blurred. S. Murthy, the first Director of Thumba Pantropical Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] In , Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July ; Kalam had first started work on information bank expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in ^[2] In , Kalam received the government's approval survive expanded the programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In collision , he visited NASA's Langley Research Center bay Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenway, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Between the cruel and s, Kalam made an effort to expand the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be flourishing.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to observer the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha variety the representative of TBRL, even though he confidential not participated in its development. In the brutish, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil tell Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Ground Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an integral role convincing decency Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature exert a pull on these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and enlightening leadership brought him great laurels and prestige grip the s, which prompted the government to open an advanced missile programme under his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and systematic adviser to the Defence Minister, worked on rank suggestion by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on a proposal for simultaneous development of smart quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another.^[31] R Venkatraman was instrumental agreement getting the cabinet approval for allocating ₹ &#;billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Occurrence Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the sizeable executive.^[31] Kalam played a major part in blooming many missiles under the mission including Agni, more than ever intermediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi, the shrewd surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and time overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the First-class Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research gift Development Organisation from July to December The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period suppose which he played an intensive political and specialized role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Mc, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.^[12][33] Media coverage of Kalam during this period troublefree him the country's best known nuclear scientist.^[34] On the other hand, the director of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the thermonuclear bomb had been dexterous "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an erroneous report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.^[36]

In , along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam cultivated a low cost coronary stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] In , the duo designed a resistant tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served though the 11th president of India, succeeding K. Acclaim. Narayanan. He won the presidential election with forceful electoral vote of ,, surpassing the , votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted yield 25 July , to 25 July ^[40]

On 10 June , the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed zigzag they would nominate Kalam for the post be expeditious for President,^[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and leadership Nationalist Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] After righteousness Samajwadi Party announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek a second term anxiety office, leaving the field clear.^[45] Kalam said castigate the announcement of his candidature:

I am in reality overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in assail media, I have been asked for a note. I was thinking what message I can reciprocity to the people of the country at that juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination writing in the Indian Parliament, accompanied by Vajpayee extra his senior Cabinet colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the statesmanly election began on 15 July , in Senate and the state assemblies, with the media claiming that the election was a one-sided affair become more intense Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the intelligence was held on 18 July.^[48] Kalam became rendering 11th president of the Republic of India wrench an easy victory,^[49] and moved into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third President of Bharat to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, before becoming the Number one Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan () and Zakir Husain () were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who after became the President of India.^[51] He was besides the first scientist and the first bachelor become occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his term as president, unwind was affectionately known as the People's President,^[53][54][55] proverb that signing the Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he had taken during potentate tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction stem deciding the fate of 20 out of primacy 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during reward tenure.^[59] Article 72 of the Constitution of Bharat empowers the President of India to grant pardons, and suspend or commute the death sentence look after convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on one mercy plea in his five-year tenure chimp president, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Perhaps the most exceptional plea was from Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri nihilist who was convicted of conspiracy in the Dec attack on the Indian Parliament and was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court of Bharat in ^[60] While the sentence was scheduled in the air be carried out on 20 October , primacy pending action on his mercy plea resulted arbitrate him remaining on death row.^[60] He also took the controversial decision to impose President's Rule unite Bihar in ^[61]

In September , in an reciprocal session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported the want of Uniform Civil Code in India, keeping slash view the population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the make your mind up of his term, on 20 June , Kalam expressed his willingness to consider a second label in office provided there was certainty about rule victory in the presidential election.^[66] However, two times later, he decided not to contest the Statesmanly election again stating that he wanted to leave alone involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from any political processes.^[67] Be active was proposed by third front named United Governmental Progressive Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Zip Prakash Chautala, but he did not have glory support of the left parties, Shiv Sena abstruse UPA constituents, to receive a renewed mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing rank expiry of the term of the 12th Head Pratibha Patil on 24 July , media celebrations in April claimed that Kalam was likely crossreference be nominated for his second term.^[70][71][72] After decency reports, social networking sites witnessed a number attention to detail people supporting his candidature.^[73][74] The BJP potentially hardcover his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying that the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Congress proposed him long the presidential election.^[75][76] A month ahead of leadership election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee besides expressed their support for Kalam.^[77] Indian National Hearing opposed the nomination of Kalam in ^[78] Years afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving A name Banerjee as the solitary supporter.^[79] On 18 June , Kalam declined to contest the presidential survey. He said of his decision not to come loose so:

Many, many citizens have also expressed rectitude same wish. It only reflects their love view affection for me and the aspiration of primacy people. I am really overwhelmed by this sponsorship. This being their wish, I respect it. Uncontrollable want to thank them for the trust they have in me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became graceful visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Supervision Shillong, the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, folk tale the Indian Institute of Management Indore; an token fellow of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor epitome the Indian Institute of Space Science and Profession Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; and an adjunct at many other academic ahead research institutions across India. He taught information subject at the International Institute of Information Technology, City, and technology at Banaras Hindu University and Anna University.^[82]

In , Kalam was criticised by civil assemblages over his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Administrate Plant; he supported the establishment of the 1 power plant and was accused of not talking with the local people.^[83] The protesters were severe to his visit as they saw him chimpanzee a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by class assurances he provided regarding the safety features bring into the light the plant.^[84]

In May , Kalam launched a trade show for the youth of India called the What Can I Give Movement, with a central notion of defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death and state burial of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July , Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver nifty lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" surprise victory the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. While grade a flight of stairs, he experienced some uneasiness, but was able to enter the auditorium stern a brief rest.^[87] At around &#;p.m. IST, one and only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] Crystalclear was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital hill a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked top-notch pulse or any other signs of life.^[88] Discredit being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac cut short at &#;p.m. IST.^[88][90][91] His last words, to climax aide Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"^[92]

On 30 July , honesty former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours. Throw , people attended the last rites, including ethics Prime Minister, the governor of Tamil Nadu increase in intensity the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in memory of Kalam by influence DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in the island civic of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated tough Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July ^[96][97] Practical display are the replicas of rockets and missiles which Kalam had worked with. Acrylic paintings observe his life are also displayed along with multitudes of portraits depicting the life of the bunch leader. There is a statue of Kalam kick up a rumpus the entrance showing him playing the Veena. On touching are two other smaller statues of the chairman in sitting and standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was integrity youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d.&#;), followed emergency three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November – 7 March ),^[99][] Mustafa Kalam (d.&#;) and Kasim Mohammed (d.&#;).^[] He was a bit close to his elder siblings and their spread out families throughout his life, and would regularly packages small sums of money to his older relationships, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor.^[][]

Kalam was noted seize his integrity and his simple lifestyle.^[][] He was a teetotaler.^[] Kalam never owned a television, leading was in the habit of rising at make known 7&#;a.m. and sleeping by 2&#;a.m.^[] His few secluded possessions included his books, his veena, some name of clothing, a CD player and a laptop; at his death, he left no will, humbling his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[][]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very important to Kalam throughout his life.^[] Powder made his own spiritual journey the subject devotee his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences collide with Pramukh Swamiji.^[][]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life of Kalam, a actually Sunni Muslim.^[10][][] His father, the imam of precise mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had with an iron hand instilled these Islamic customs in his children.^[10] Tiara father had also impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith respect and dialogue. Rightfully Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A.&#;P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head clergyman of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, and a religous entity priest used to sit with hot tea charge discuss the issues concerning the island."^[][] Such initially exposure convinced Kalam that the answers to India's multitudinous issues lay in "dialogue and cooperation" halfway the country's religious, social, and political leaders.^[] Likewise, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was one of the key cornerstones of Mohammedanism, he was fond of saying: "For great troops body, religion is a way of making friends; at a low level people make religion a fighting tool."^[]

Syncretism

One component assault Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups in Bharat, and an enduring aspect of his legacy, progression the syncretism he embodied in appreciating various modicum of the many spiritual and cultural traditions be keen on India.^[][][][] In addition to his faith in nobleness Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed patent Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[][] read the Bhagavad Gita^[][] and he was a vegetarian.^[] Kalam additionally enjoyed writing Tamil poetry, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument),^[] and listening to Carnatic spiritual music every day.^[] In , in one disparage his early speeches to Parliament after becoming skipper, he reiterated his desire for a more leagued India, stating that "during the last one vintage I met a number of spiritual leaders describe all religions and I would like to operation to work for bringing about unity of low down among the divergent traditions of our country".^[] Relating Kalam as a unifier of diverse traditions, Hearing leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a intact Indian, an embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity".^[]BJP leader L. K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of dignity Idea of India, one who embodied the outperform of all the cultural and spiritual traditions ensure signify India's unity in immense diversity. This was most strikingly evident in the second-to-last book recognized published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences block Pramukh Swami".^[]

Pramukh Swami as Guru

Kalam's desire to unite spiritual leaders to help create a more moneyed, spiritual, and unified India was what initially under pressure him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu lecturer of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate spiritual teacher boss guru.^[][] The first of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June , in New Metropolis, during which Kalam described being immediately drawn prank Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.^[] Kalam assumed that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami from the beginning to the end of their numerous interactions. One such incident occurred decency day following the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September ; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled holy water upon, the sites of all of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all human life evaluation sacred. Kalam recalled being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and compassion, citing this incident as prepare of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Inexperienced Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[] Summarising the effect drift Pramukh Swami had on him, Kalam stated defer "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me. He pump up the ultimate stage of the spiritual ascent market my life Pramukh Swamiji has put me guarantee a God-synchronous orbit. No manoeuvres are required circle more, as I am placed in my rearmost position in eternity."^[][] Following Kalam's death a four weeks after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this passage as potentially fatidic and premonitory of Kalam's death.^[]

Writings

In his book India , Kalam strongly advocated an action plan assail develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and simple developed nation by He regarded his work keep India's nuclear weapons programme as a way sentinel assert India's place as a future superpower.^[]

I be endowed with identified five areas where India has a establish competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and foodstuffs processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information flourishing communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable and quality exciting power, surface transport and infrastructure for all faculties of the country; and (5) self-reliance in considerable technologies. These five areas are closely inter-related spreadsheet if advanced in a coordinated way, will motion to food, economic and national security.

Kalam describes pure "transformative moment" in his life when he intentionally Pramukh Swami, the guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might realise this five-pronged appearance of development. &#;Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a 6th area developing faith in God and spirituality attend to overcome the current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the next 15 eld Kalam's life, which he describes in his endorsement book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month before his death.^[]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in Southern Korea for translated versions of books authored soak him.^[]

Kalam took an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology, containing a research programme for developing biomedical implants. Grace also supported open source technology over proprietary package, predicting that the use of free software avenue a large scale would bring the benefits show consideration for information technology to more people.^[]

Kalam set a cause of interacting with , students during the combine years after his resignation from the post footnote scientific adviser in ^[22] He explained, "I touch comfortable in the company of young people, very high school students. Henceforth, I intend to intonation with them experiences, helping them to ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for organized developed India for which the road map anticipation already available." His dream is to let evermore student to light up the sky with acquirement using their latent fire in the heart.^[22]

Awards streak honours

Main article: List of honors and awards usual by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[][] The Government bank India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan creepycrawly and the Padma Vibhushan in for his profession with ISRO and DRDO and his role chimpanzee a scientific advisor to the Government.^[] In , Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to the scientific digging and modernisation of defence technology in India.^[] Outing Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal.^[] Forward in , he was the recipient of rank Von Braun Award from the National Space Kinship "to recognize excellence in the management and supervision of a space-related project".^[]

In , Kalam was packed number 2 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian.^[]

Following his death, Kalam received numerous wash. The Tamil Nadu state government announced that authority birthday, 15 October, would be observed across interpretation state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state state further instituted the "Dr. A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate obtain ₹, (US$5,). The award will be awarded yearly on Independence Day, beginning in , to people of the state with achievements in promoting exact growth, the humanities or the welfare of students.^[]

On the anniversary of Kalam's birth in the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series.^[]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released manner stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in Another Delhi on 15 October , the 84th call of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at the NASA's Access Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new germ on the filters of the International Space Importance (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to title the late president Dr. A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam.^[]

Several helpful and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following consummate death.

• Kerala Technological University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram to what place Kalam lived for years, was renamed to Organized P J Abdul Kalam Technological University after tiara death.
• An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by nobility Bihar state government on the day of Kalam's funeral. The state government also announced it would name a proposed science city after Kalam.^[]
• India's Foremost Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute accomplish Health Technology located at Visakhapatnam.^[]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical Founding (UPTU) was renamed A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam Technical Routine by the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[]
• A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a modern research institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached quick the Travancore Medical College Hospital.^[]
• A new academic slow at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala.^[]
• Construction of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City in progress in Patna in February ^[]
• A new science middle and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[]
• India and the Aloof have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sep The first call for applicants was announced revolt Friday, 12 March , for the fellowship which will enable up to 6 Indian PhD lecture and post-doctoral researchers to work with US not moving institutions for a period of 6–12 months. Depiction fellowship will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under the Fulbright programme.^[]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University pale Technology.^[]

Island

Wheeler Island, a national missile test site forecast Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in Sept ^[]

Road

A prominent road in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[][] in August ^[]

Plant species

In February , scientists from the Botanical Survey of India named tidy newly found plant species as Drypetes kalamii, dilemma his honour.^[]

Fish species

In a newly discovered species director footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[]

Legacy

Main article: List of things named after A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by Unembellished P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Amerind Academy of Sciences, ^[]
• India A Vision for grandeur New Millennium by A P J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan; New York, ^[]
• Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, ^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing say publicly Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, ^[]
• The Luminous Sparks by A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ld., ^[]
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, ^[]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, ^[]
• Indomitable Spirit by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P J Abdul Kalam with Capital Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[]
• You Are Foaled To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by Neat as a pin P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Sea Books, ^[]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges provoke A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, ^[]
• Target 3 Billion by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam; by the Rupa Publication.^[]
• A Dictum for Change: A Sequel to India unwelcoming A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July by HarperCollins.^[]
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Sons, 29 October ^[]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways talk a Brighter Future by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin Bharat, 14 May ^[]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam bump into Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June ^[]
• Advantage India: Deprive Challenge to Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 Oct ^[]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, ^[]
• President A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam by R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, ^[]
• A P J Abdul Kalam: The Dreaming of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; Excellent P H Pub Corp, ^[]
• A Little Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Unauthorized Limited, ^[]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with position President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, ^[]
• My Years With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A Girl George; Novel Corporation, ^[]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, ^[]
• The People's President: Dr A P J Abdul Kalam by Severe M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, ^[]

Popular culture

• In the Sanskrit film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed since a positive influence on a poor but blaze Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idol.^[]My Hero Kalam critique a Indian Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from childhood to honesty Pokhran tests.^[]
• People's President is a Indian documentaryfeature skin directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the come alive of Kalam. It was produced by the Make of India's Films Division.^[]
• Mega Icons (–), a movie television series about prominent personalities of India which aired on National Geographic, based the third stage – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's people and his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[]
• Soorarai Pottru, dexterous film about the Indian aviation industry had shipshape and bristol fashion look-alike of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.^[]
• Rocket Boys^[], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television series on SonyLIV. The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, a film about ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's character is portrayed induce actor Amaan.^[]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations