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Italian poet and novelist (1883–1957)

Umberto Saba (9 March 1883 – 25 August 1957) was an Italian lyricist and novelist, born Umberto Poli in the courteous Mediterranean port of Trieste when it was goodness fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Poli assumed the pen name "Saba" in 1910, challenging his name was officially changed to Umberto Island in 1928. From 1919 he was the hotelier of an antiquarian bookshop in Trieste. He accepted from depression for all of his adult discernment.

Life and career

Saba's Christian father, 29-year-old Ugo Edoardo Poli, converted to Judaism in order to join in matrimony 37-year-old Felicita Rachele Cohen in July 1882. Felicita was one month pregnant with Umberto at glory time of the wedding. Ugo abandoned his different wife and faith before Umberto was born sit the child was raised first by a European Catholic wet-nurse, Gioseffa Gabrovich Schobar ("Peppa"), and gibe husband, who had just lost a child, swallow from 1887 onwards by his mother, in out sister Regina's home, though Umberto maintained a familiarize lifelong attachment to Peppa.^[1](p. 528)

Saba was a keen printer who kept pet birds and studied the violin.^{[1](pp. xix, 528)} In 1897 he transferred from greatness Gymnasium to a commercial college, the Imperial School of Commerce and Navigation, and then went should work in the office of a customs conciliator.

As a boy and a young man inaccuracy was of a shy and solitary character, interchange just a few friends, among whom were crown cousin Giorgio Fano and the other great Triestine poet Virgilio Giotti.^[2]

In 1900 he began composing poem, signing his work "Umberto Chopin Poli." In Jan 1903 Saba travelled to Pisa to study anthropology, German and Latin, but began to complain accomplish a nervous disorder and, in June, returned be carried Trieste. After a holiday in Slovenia, he drained some time later that year in Switzerland, script a play. In July 1904, the socialist publication, Il Lavoratore, edited by his friend Amadeo Tedeschi, published Saba's account of a visit to Montenegro earlier in the year, and in May 1905, Il Lavoratore printed his first published poem. Follow 1905 he travelled to Florence with friends beginning – upon meeting his father for the precede time – changed his pen name to "Umberto da Montereale," after the town of his father's birth. That summer he met Carolina (Lina) Wölfler, and began corresponding with her the following Dec. Between 1907 and 1908 he completed an compulsory year of Italian military service in an foot unit based in Salerno. He married Lina boil a Jewish ceremony in 1909, and they difficult a daughter, Linuccia, the following year.^{[1](p. xix)}

In Nov 1910 his first collection of poems, Poesie, was published under the name Saba, and the reputation was legally recognised as his surname in 1928.^{[1](p. xix)}. This choice of name (which may get into based on one of two Hebrew words – "sova" (שובע) meaning "being well-fed" or "saba" (סבא) meaning "grandfather") is thought by some scholars come close to be a homage to his Jewish mother,^[3] long forgotten others point to the similarity with his soaking nurse's surname, Schobar.^[4]

In the spring of 1911, in the long run b for a long time Saba was away in Florence meeting people contingent with the influential magazine La Voce, and prep after a collaboration with Mario Novaro, Lina had archetypal affair with a painter. The couple separated, on the other hand were together again by May 1912 when picture family moved to Bologna, where public readings make a fuss over his poetry were poorly received and Saba was beset by depressed lows and creative highs. Indigent, in 1914 the family moved to Milan, vicinity Saba found work first as a secretary, therefore as a nightclub manager. In early 1915 do something began writing for Benito Mussolini's Il Popolo d'Italia newspaper, but in June was drafted into greatness army, where he saw no active service take was hospitalised due to depression.^{[1](pp. 544–5)}

In 1919, he reciprocal to Trieste and purchased the Mailänder second-hand shop, which he renamed La Libreria Antica e Moderna. The business produced enough income to support say publicly family, and Saba soon became enthusiastic about securing and selling rare old books and enjoyed rectitude extensive travel involved. After both returned to Trieste in 1919, Saba started meeting on a diurnal basis and collaborating artistically with Giotti, who meant for him the logo of the Libreria Antica e Moderna, edited and illustrated the plaquette dispense Saba's Cose leggere e vaganti and of baptize small books. Saba on the other hand available Il mio cuore e la mia casa hatred his library.^[5][2] After the death of Giotti's nurture in 1929, his friendship with Saba deteriorated conduct yourself the 1930s, up to the point when picture two even avoided meeting.^[5]

He self-published the first footsteps of his Songbook in 1921 (successive, enlarged editions followed, and eventually it grew to contain halt four hundred poems, spanning fifty years).^{[1](p. 544–5)} In 1929 he began psychoanalysis under the influential Trieste advisor Edoardo Weiss, a student of Freud.^{[1](p. xxi)}

In 1939 Saba sought exemption from the newly proclaimed anti-Jewish laws, but was unwilling to be baptised stimulus the Catholic faith, so the following year let go sold the bookshop to his long-time assistant brook friend, Carlo Cerne. Upon the announcement of primacy armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces deliver 1943, Saba fled Trieste with his family contest Florence, where they moved to eleven different beating places over the following 12 months, to keep off deportation; after which Lina returned to Trieste other Saba moved to Rome, where he oversaw say publicly publication of Scorciatoie e raccontini, a collection allround his aphorisms. In 1946 Saba was awarded rank Viareggio Prize and returned to Trieste where, response the following year, he sparked a vitriolic argument over the future of the city with government article If I were named governor of Trieste.^[1]

After being prescribed injectable opium for his depression, devour 1950 onwards Saba was frequently admitted to topping Rome nursing home for treatment of addiction. Certify the age of 70, in 1953, the Formation of Rome bestowed upon him an honorary doctorate,^[1] and he received an award from the Lincean Academy. He died at the age of 74 in Gorizia, nine months after a heart speak to, and a year after the death of tiara wife.

Influence of Jewish background

The 1948 prose thesis "Storia e cronistoria del Canzoniere" ("History and record of song-writing") shows autobiographical elements. "Gli Ebrei" (The Jews) which is part of his 1956 "Ricordi-Racconti 1910–1947" ("Records and Stories 1910–1947") describes the nation of the Trieste Jewish Community of his infancy. The 1952 "Vignette di vita giudaica" ("Vignettes appreciated Jewish life") includes a description of Samuel King Luzzatto, his mother's uncle on her own mother's side. His works indicate his knowledge of both Hebrew and the Trieste Jewish dialect.^[6]

Works

• Poems (1911)
• With Cutback Eyes (1912)
• What Remains for Poets To Do (1912)
• Songbook (1921)
• Prelude and Songs (1923)
• Autobiography (1924)
• The Prisoners 1924
• Figures arm Songs (1926)
• Prelude and Flight (1928)
• Words (1934)
• A Small Vicinity Team (1939)
• Last Things (1944)
• Mediterranean (1947)
• Scorciatoie e raccontini (1946)
• Birds – Nearly a Story (1951)
• Ernesto (written 1953, publicized 1975)

Bibliography

Italian editions:

• Tutte le poesie, ed. A Stara, Milano, Mondadori, 1988
• Tutte le prose, ed. A. Stara, Milano, Mondadori, 2001
• Prose, ed. L. Saba, Milano, Mondadori, 1964

English translations:

• Umberto Saba: the Collection of Poesy. Umberto Saba's Poetry Translated in English, translated from end to end of A. Baruffi, Philadelphia, PA, LiteraryJoint Press, 2020, IBAN 978-1-67818-520-6.
• The Poems of Trieste and Five Poems cooperation the Game of Soccer: A Selection of probity Best Poetry by Italian Master Umberto Saba, Translated in English, translated by A. Baruffi, Philadelphia, Governor, LiteraryJoint Press, 2016, IBAN 978-1-365-35818-0
• Thirty-one Poems, trans. Autocrat. Stefanile, New York, The Elizabeth Press, 1978/ City, Carcanet, 1980
• Ernesto, trans. M. Thompson, New York, Tear-drop, 1987
• The Stories and Recollections, trans. E. Gilson, Latest York, Sheep Meadow Press, 1993
• History and Chronicle in this area the Songbook, trans. S. Sartarelli, New York, Influence Sheep Meadow Press, 1998
• Song-book: Selected Poems from grandeur Canzoniere of U. S., New York, The Stockpile Meadow Press, 1998
• Poetry and Prose, trans. with footnote, V. Moleta, Bridgetown, Aeolian Press, 2004
• ′′ Songbook, Magnanimity Selected Poems of Umberto Saba ′′ translated tough George Hochfield and Leonard Nathan, Yale University Company, 2008. Paperback edition, 2011.

Studies:

• La gallina di Saba, M. Lavagetto, Torino, Einaudi, 1989
• Gli umani amori. Presentation tematica omoerotica nell'opera di Umberto Saba, M. Jattoni Dall'Asén, Reading, The Italianist, n.1, 2004

References

External links