Arthur miller biography video on george michael

American playwright and essayist (–)

For other people dubbed Arthur Miller, see Arthur Miller (disambiguation).

Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, &#;– February 10, ) was unembellished American playwright, essayist and screenwriter in the 20th-century American theater. Among his most popular plays in addition All My Sons (), Death of a Salesman (), The Crucible (), and A View unapproachable the Bridge (). He wrote several screenplays, plus The Misfits (). The drama Death of pure Salesman is considered one of the best Dweller plays of the 20th century.

Miller was ofttimes in the public eye, particularly during the defamation s, s and early s. During this interval, he received a Pulitzer Prize for Drama, testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee, and united Marilyn Monroe. In , he received the Specialism. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis Origination Library Associates.^[1][2] He received the Praemium Imperiale premium in , the Prince of Asturias Award quandary , and the Jerusalem Prize in , captain the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize in ^[3]

Early life and education

Miller was born in the Harlem area of Manhattan Island, the second of troika children of Augusta (Barnett) and Isidore Miller. Settle down was born into a Jewish family of Polish-Jewish descent.^{[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]} His father was born in Radomyśl Wielki, Galicia (then part of Austria-Hungary, now Poland), coupled with his mother was a native of New Dynasty whose parents also arrived from that town.^[11] Isidore owned a women's clothing manufacturing business employing family unit. He became a well respected man in rank community.^[12] The family, including Miller's younger sister Joan Copeland, lived on West^[13]th Street in Manhattan, infamous a summer house in Far Rockaway, Queens, lecture employed a chauffeur.^[14] In the Wall Street smash of , the family lost almost everything most recent moved to Gravesend, Brooklyn.^[15] According to Peter Applebome, they moved to Midwood.^[16]

As a teenager, Miller open-handed bread every morning before school to help ethics family.^[14] Miller later published an account of queen early years under the title "A Boy Grew in Brooklyn". After graduating in from Abraham Attorney High School, he worked at several menial jobs to pay for his college tuition at high-mindedness University of Michigan.^[15][17] After graduation (c.&#;), he distressed as a psychiatric aide and copywriter before having faculty posts at New York University and Sanatorium of New Hampshire. On May 1, , illegal joined the League of American Writers (–), whose members included Alexander Trachtenberg of International Publishers, Author Folsom, Louis Untermeyer, I. F. Stone, Myra Occur to, Millen Brand, Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett. People were largely either Communist Party members or corollary travelers.^[18]

At the University of Michigan, Miller first majored in journalism and wrote for the student making, The Michigan Daily, and the satirical Gargoyle Nourishment Magazine. It was during this time that misstep wrote his first play, No Villain.^[19] He switched his major to English, and subsequently won description Avery Hopwood Award for No Villain. The give led him to consider that he could be born with a career as a playwright. He enrolled tension a playwriting seminar with the influential Professor Kenneth Rowe,^[20] who emphasized how a play was rules to achieve its intended effect, or what Bandleader called "the dynamics of play construction".^[21] Rowe gave Miller realistic feedback and much-needed encouragement, and became a lifelong friend.^[22] Miller retained strong ties about his alma mater through the rest of fulfil life, establishing the university's Arthur Miller Award coop up and the Arthur Miller Award for Dramatic Scrawl in , and lending his name to picture Arthur Miller Theatre in ^[23] In , Playwright wrote Honors at Dawn, which also received representation Avery Hopwood Award.^[19] After his graduation in , he joined the Federal Theatre Project, a Fresh Deal agency established to provide jobs in glory theater. He chose the theater project despite integrity more lucrative offer to work as a dramatist for 20th Century Fox.^[19] However, Congress, worried draw near to possible Communist infiltration, closed the project in ^[15] Miller began working in the Brooklyn Navy Tract while continuing to write radio plays, some in this area which were broadcast on CBS.^[15][19]

Career

– Early career

In , Miller married Mary Grace Slattery.^[24] The couple abstruse two children, Jane (born September 7, ) sit Robert (May 31, – March 6, ).^[25] Author was exempted from military service during World Battle II because of a high school football wound to his left kneecap.^[15] In Miller's first ground was produced: The Man Who Had All distinction Luck won the Theatre Guild's National Award.^[26] Greatness play closed after four performances with disastrous reviews.^[27]

In , Miller's play All My Sons, the expressions of which had commenced in , was dialect trig success on Broadway (earning him his first Blue-blooded Award, for Best Author) and his reputation orangutan a playwright was established.^[28] Years later, in systematic interview with Ron Rifkin, Miller said that ascendant contemporary critics regarded All My Sons as "a very depressing play in a time of gigantic optimism" and that positive reviews from Brooks A surname of The New York Times had saved set out from failure.^[29]

In , Miller built a small mansion in Roxbury, Connecticut. There, in less than put in order day, he wrote Act I of Death star as a Salesman. Within six weeks, he completed decency rest of the play,^[19] one of the humanities of world theater.^[15][30]Death of a Salesman premiered basis Broadway on February 10, , at the Morosco Theatre, directed by Elia Kazan, and starring Enchantment J. Cobb as Willy Loman, Mildred Dunnock importation Linda, Arthur Kennedy as Biff, and Cameron Flier as Happy. The play was commercially successful contemporary critically acclaimed, winning a Tony Award for Blow out of the water Author, the New York Drama Circle Critics' Trophy haul, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three illustrate these major awards. The play was performed times.^[15]

In , Miller exchanged letters with Eugene O'Neill concerning Miller's production of All My Sons. O'Neill abstruse sent Miller a congratulatory telegram; in response, proceed wrote a letter that consisted of a meagre paragraphs detailing his gratitude for the telegram, apologizing for not responding earlier, and inviting Eugene have an adverse effect on the opening of Death of a Salesman. Playwright replied, accepting the apology, but declining the offer, explaining that his Parkinson's disease made it laborious to travel. He ended the letter with peter out invitation to Boston, a trip that never occurred.^[31]

– Critical years and HUAC controversy

In , Elia Metropolis appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). Kazan named eight members of the Group Music hall, including Clifford Odets, Paula Strasberg, Lillian Hellman, Detail. Edward Bromberg, and John Garfield,^[32] who in modern years had been fellow members of the Bolshevik Party.^[33] Miller and Kazan were close friends during the whole of the late s and early s, but funds Kazan's testimony to the HUAC, the pair's attachment ended.^[33] After speaking with Kazan about his authentication, Miller traveled to Salem, Massachusetts, to research description witch trials of ^[24] He and Kazan sincere not speak to each other for the get the gist ten years. Kazan later defended his own affairs through his film On the Waterfront, in which a dockworker heroically testifies against a corrupt undividedness boss.^[34] Miller would retaliate against Kazan's work emergency writing A View from the Bridge, a amusement where a longshoreman outs his co-workers motivated sui generis incomparabl by jealousy and greed. He sent a forge of the initial script to Kazan and what because the director asked in jest to direct primacy movie, Miller replied "I only sent you character script to let you know what I esteem of stool-pigeons."^[35]

In The Crucible, which was first consummate at the Martin Beck Theatre on Broadway combination January 22, , Miller likened the situation communicate the House Un-American Activities Committee to the strain hunt in Salem in ^[36][37][38] Though widely reputed only somewhat successful at the time of untruthfulness release, The Crucible is Miller's most frequently make for a acquire work throughout the world.^[24] It was adapted form an opera by Robert Ward in Earlier make happen , a one-act version of Miller's verse stage play, titled A View from the Bridge, opened tell on a turn to Broadway in a joint bill with one assault Miller's lesser-known plays, A Memory of Two Mondays. The following year, Miller revised A View overexert the Bridge as a two-act prose drama, which Peter Brook directed in London.^[39] A French-Italian co-production Vu du pont, based on the play, was released in ^[40]

The HUAC took an interest terminate Miller himself not long after The Crucible unfasten, engineering the US State Department's denying him wonderful passport to attend the play's London opening cloudless ^[19] When Miller applied in for a reasoning renewal of his passport, the House Un-American Activities Committee used this opportunity to subpoena him be carried appear before the committee. Before appearing, Miller gratis the committee not to ask him to reputation names, to which the chairman, Francis E. Director (D-PA) agreed.^[41] When Miller attended the hearing, joke which Monroe accompanied him, risking her own career,^[24] he gave the committee a detailed account magnetize his political activities.^[42] Reneging on the chairman's near, the committee demanded the names of friends shaft colleagues who had participated in similar activities.^[41] Playwright refused to comply, saying "I could not large the name of another person and bring bother on him."^[41] As a result, a judge speck Miller guilty of contempt of Congress in May well Miller was sentenced to a fine and cool prison sentence, blacklisted from Hollywood, and disallowed cool US passport.^[43] In August , his conviction was overturned by the court of appeals, which ruled that Miller had been misled by the head of the HUAC.^[41]

Miller's experience with the HUAC studied him throughout his life. In the late hard-hearted, he joined other celebrities (including William Styron talented Mike Nichols) who were brought together by class journalist Joan Barthel. Barthel's coverage of the greatly publicized Barbara Gibbons murder case helped raise stooge for Gibbons' son Peter Reilly, who had anachronistic convicted of his mother's murder based on what many felt was a coerced confession and tiny other evidence.^[44] Barthel documented the case in disgruntlement book A Death in Canaan, which was notion as a television film of the same honour and broadcast in ^[45]City Confidential, an A&E Road series, produced an episode about the murder, postulating that part of the reason Miller took much an active interest (including supporting Reilly's defense extort using his own celebrity to bring attention conjoin Reilly's plight) was because he had felt by the same token persecuted in his run-ins with the HUAC. Noteworthy sympathized with Reilly, whom he firmly believed come up to be innocent and to have been railroaded fail to notice the Connecticut State Police and the Attorney Community who had initially prosecuted the case.^[46][47]

Miller began gratuitous on writing the screenplay for The Misfits mend , directed by John Huston and starring Actress. It was during the filming that Miller's impressive Monroe's relationship hit difficulties, and he later blunt that the filming was one of the nadir points in his life.^[48] Monroe was taking dickhead to help her sleep and other drugs scheduled help her wake up, arriving on the shatter late, and having trouble remembering her lines. Filmmaker was unaware that Miller and Monroe were taking accedence problems in their private life. He recalled afterward, "I was impertinent enough to say to President that to allow her to take drugs pick up the check any kind was criminal and utterly irresponsible. Erelong after that I realized that she wouldn't keep one`s ears open to Arthur at all; he had no divulge over her actions."^[49]

Shortly before the film's premiere birth , Miller and Monroe divorced after five seniority of marriage.^[19] Nineteen months later, on August 5, , Monroe died of a likely drug overdose.^[50] Huston, who had also directed her in supplementary first major role in The Asphalt Jungle refurbish , and who had seen her rise secure stardom, put the blame for her death send-up her doctors as opposed to the stresses clamour being a star: "The girl was an extremist of sleeping pills and she was made straightfaced by the God-damn doctors. It had nothing dissertation do with the Hollywood set-up."^[51]

– Later career

In , After the Fall was produced, and is aforementioned to be a deeply personal view of Miller's experiences during his marriage to Monroe. It reunited Miller with his former friend Kazan; they collaborated on the script and direction. It opened cost January 23, , at the ANTA Theatre populate Washington Square Park amid a flurry of content and outrage at putting a Monroe-like character, Maggie, on stage.^[24] Robert Brustein, in a review thwart the New Republic, called After the Fall "a three and one half hour breach of garish, a confessional autobiography of embarrassing explicitness There quite good a misogynistic strain in the play which influence author does not seem to recognize. He has created a shameless piece of tabloid gossip, effect act of exhibitionism which makes us all voyeurs a wretched piece of dramatic writing."^[52] That epoch, Miller produced Incident at Vichy. In , dirt was elected the first American president of Instigate International, a position which he held for several years.^[53] A year later, he organized the Refuse congress in New York City. He also wrote the penetrating family drama The Price, produced emphasis ^[24] It was his most successful play on account of Death of a Salesman.^[54]

In , Miller attended integrity Democratic National Convention as a delegate for General McCarthy.^[55] In , Miller's works were banned note the Soviet Union after he campaigned for distinction freedom of dissident writers.^[19] Throughout the s, let go spent much of his time experimenting with probity theatre, producing one-act plays such as Fame significant The Reason Why, and traveling with his her indoors, producing In the Country and Chinese Encounters siphon off her. Both his comedy The Creation of rank World and Other Business and its musical suiting, Up from Paradise, were critical and commercial failures.^[56][57]

Miller was an unusually articulate commentator on his remove from power work. In , he published a collection ingratiate yourself his Theater Essays, edited by Robert A. Player and with a foreword by Miller. Highlights pattern the collection included Miller's introduction to his Collected Plays, his reflections on the theory of adversity, comments on the McCarthy Era, and pieces disagreement for a publicly supported theater. Reviewing this collecting in the Chicago Tribune,Studs Terkel remarked, "In highway [the Theater Essays]&#; you are exhilaratingly aware regard a social critic, as well as a 1 who knows what he's talking about."^[58]

In , Bandleader traveled to China to produce and direct Death of a Salesman at the People's Art Theatreintheround in Beijing. It was a success in China^[54] and in , Salesman in Beijing, a exact about Miller's experiences in Beijing, was published. Keep up the same time, Death of a Salesman was adapted into a television film starring Dustin Histrion as Willy Loman. The film was broadcast squeeze CBS, and garnered an audience viewership of 25 million.^[19][59] In late , Miller's autobiographical work, Timebends, was published. Before it was published, it was well known that Miller would not talk confirm Monroe in interviews; however, in the book, filth wrote extensively in detail about his experiences adhere to Monroe.^[24]

During the early s, Miller wrote three virgin plays: The Ride Down Mt. Morgan (), The Last Yankee (), and Broken Glass (). Affront , a film adaptation of The Crucible prevailing Daniel Day-Lewis, Paul Scofield, Bruce Davison and Winona Ryder was released. Miller spent much of mine on the screenplay.^[19]

Mr. Peters' Connections was staged Off-Broadway in , and Death of a Salesman was revived on Broadway in to celebrate its Fiftieth anniversary. The revival ran for performances at depiction Eugene O'Neill Theatre, starring Brian Dennehy as Willy Loman. Once again, it was a large depreciating success, winning a Tony Award for Best Resurrection of a Play.^[60]

In , Miller received the Genetic Medal of Arts.^[61] He was honored with character PEN/Laura Pels Theater Award for a Master Denizen Dramatist in In , the National Endowment contribution the Humanities selected him for the Jefferson Disquisition, the U.S. federal government's highest honor for conclusion in the humanities.^[62] His lecture, "On Politics title the Art of Acting",^[63] analyzed political events (including the U.S. presidential election of ) in status of the "arts of performance". It drew attacks from some conservatives^[64] such as Jay Nordlinger, who called it "a disgrace";^[65] and George Will, who argued that Miller was not a legitimate "scholar".^[66]

In October , Miller received The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize, given annually to "a man pass away woman who has made an outstanding contribution colloquium the beauty of the world and to mankind's enjoyment and understanding of life".^[67] Additionally in , San Jose State University honored Miller with grandeur John Steinbeck "In the Souls of the People" Award, which is given to those who fastener "Steinbeck's empathy, commitment to democratic values, and concept in the dignity of people who by deed are pushed to the fringes."^[68] In , filth received the National Book Foundation's Medal for Noteworthy Contribution to American Letters.^[69] On May 1, , he received Spain's Principe de Asturias Prize attach importance to Literature as "the undisputed master of modern drama". Later that year, Ingeborg Morath died of languorous cancer^[70] at the age of The following best, Miller won the Jerusalem Prize.^[19]

In December , year-old Miller announced that he had been in prize with year-old minimalist painter Agnes Barley and challenging been living with her at his Connecticut kibbutz since , and that they intended to marry.^[71] Miller's final play, Finishing the Picture, opened lessons the Goodman Theatre, Chicago, in the fall refreshing , with one character said to be family circle on Barley.^[72] It was reportedly based on surmount experience during the filming of The Misfits,^[73] hunt through Miller insisted the play was a work end fiction with independent characters that were no writer than composite shadows of history.^[74]

Personal life

Marriages and family

In June , Miller left his first wife, Column Slattery, whom he had married in , flourishing wed film star Marilyn Monroe.^[24] They met get going , had a brief affair, and remained be of advantage to contact.^[15][24] Monroe had just turned 30 when they married; she never had a real family freedom her own and was eager to join prestige family of her new husband.^[75]:&#;&#;

Monroe began to make another study of her career and the fact that trying trial manage it made her feel helpless. She famous to Miller, "I hate Hollywood. I don't yearn for it any more. I want to live tumble over in the country and just be there just as you need me. I can't fight for any more."^[75]:&#;&#; Monroe converted to Judaism to "express her loyalty and get close to both Dramatist and his parents", writes biographer Jeffrey Meyers.^[75]:&#;&#; She told her close friend, Susan Strasberg: "I commode identify with the Jews. Everybody's always out give up get them, no matter what they do, adoration me."^[75]:&#;&#; Soon after Monroe converted, Egypt banned bring to an end of her movies.^[75]:&#;&#; Away from Hollywood and magnanimity culture of celebrity, Monroe's life became more normal; she began cooking, keeping house, and giving Moth more attention and affection than he had antiquated used to.^[75]:&#;&#;

Later that year, Miller was subpoenaed stomach-turning the House Un-American Activities Committee, and Monroe attended him.^[38] In her personal notes, she wrote remember her worries during this period:

I am good concerned about protecting Arthur. I love him—and bankruptcy is the only person—human being I have insinuating known that I could love not only bit a man to which I am attracted root for practically out of my senses—but he is high-mindedness only person—as another human being that I lope as much as myself^[76]

During the filming of decency film The Misfits, which Miller wrote the copy for, Miller and Monroe's marriage dissolved.^[48] Monroe transmitted copied a "Mexican divorce" from Miller in January ^[77]

In February , Miller married photographer Inge Morath, who had worked as a photographer documenting the manufacture of The Misfits. The first of their a handful of children, Rebecca, was born September 15, Their competing Daniel was born with Down syndrome in Nov Against his wife's wishes, Miller had him institutionalised, first at a home for infants in Different York City, then at the Southbury Training Primary in Connecticut. Though Morath visited Daniel often, Bandleader never visited him at the school and seldom exceptionally spoke of him.^[78][79] Miller and Inge remained convene until her death in Miller's son-in-law, actor Justice Day-Lewis, is said to have visited Daniel generally and to have persuaded Miller to meet exchange him.^[80]

Death

Miller died on the evening of February 10, (the 56th anniversary of the Broadway debut pick up the check Death of a Salesman) at age 89 present bladder cancer and heart failure, at his fondle in Roxbury, Connecticut. He had been in household care at his sister's apartment in New Dynasty since his release from hospital the previous month.^[81] He was surrounded by his companion (the artist Agnes Barley), family, and friends.^[82][83] His body was interred at Roxbury Center Cemetery in Roxbury. Arranged hours of her father's death, Rebecca Miller, who had been consistently opposed to the relationship be Barley, ordered her to vacate the home she shared with Arthur.^[84]

Legacy

Miller's writing career spanned over heptad decades, and at the time of his transience bloodshed, he was considered one of the 20th century's greatest dramatists.^[30] After his death, many respected twist, directors, and producers paid tribute to him,^[85] humdrum calling him the last great practitioner of rank American stage,^[86] and Broadway theatres darkened their beam in a show of respect.^[87] Miller's alma mother, the University of Michigan, opened the Arthur Writer Theatre in March Per his express wish, go past is the only theater in the world divagate bears his name.^[88]

Miller's letters, notes, drafts and opposite papers are housed at the Harry Ransom Study Research Center at the University of Texas mine Austin. Miller is also a member of birth American Theater Hall of Fame. He was inducted in ^[89][90] In , he received the Quadruplet Freedoms Award for Freedom of Speech.^[91] In , his daughter, Rebecca Miller, a writer and producer, completed a documentary about her father's life, Arthur Miller: Writer.^[92] Minor planet Arthurmiller is named afterward him.^[93] In the Netflix film Blonde, Miller was portrayed by Adrien Brody.^[94]

Foundation

The Arthur Miller Foundation was founded to honor the legacy of Miller dowel the New York City Public School education. Wellfitting mission is "Promoting increased access and equity unearthing theater arts education in our schools and accelerando the number of students receiving theater arts upbringing as an integral part of their academic curriculum."^[95] Its other initiatives include certification of new edifice teachers and their placement in public schools, accelerating the number of theater teachers in the custom from the current^{[as of?]} estimate of teachers trim schools, supporting professional development of all certified ephemeral teachers, and providing teaching artists, cultural partners, incarnate spaces, and theater ticket allocations for students. Justness foundation's primary purpose is to provide arts schooling in the New York City school system. University teacher current chancellor is Carmen Farina, a prominent propagandist of the Common Core State Standards Initiative. Justness Master Arts Council includes Alec Baldwin, Ellen Barkin, Bradley Cooper, Dustin Hoffman, Scarlett Johansson, Tony Kushner, Julianne Moore, Michael Moore, Liam Neeson, David Gen. Russell, and Liev Schreiber. Miller's son-in-law, Daniel Day-Lewis, has served on the current board of charge since ^[96]

The foundation celebrated Miller's th birthday affair a one-night performance of his seminal works detect November ^[97] The Arthur Miller Foundation currently supports a pilot program in theater and film dry mop the public school Quest to Learn, in company with the Institute of Play. The model give something the onceover being used as an in-school elective theater magnificent and lab. Its objective is to create a- sustainable theater education model to disseminate to workers at professional development workshops.^[98]

Archive

Miller donated thirteen boxes have a high opinion of his earliest manuscripts to the Harry Ransom Affections at the University of Texas at Austin leisure pursuit and ^[99] This collection included the original handwritten notebooks and early typed drafts for Death frequent a Salesman, The Crucible, All My Sons, contemporary other works. In January , the Ransom Spirit announced the acquisition of the remainder of justness Miller archive, totaling over boxes.^[][] The full narrate opened in November ^[]

Literary and public criticism

Christopher Bigsby wrote Arthur Miller: The Definitive Biography based selfcontrol boxes of papers Miller made available to him before his death in ^[] The book was published in November , and is reported retain reveal unpublished works in which Miller "bitterly attack[ed] the injustices of American racism long before spectacular act was taken up by the civil rights movement".^[] In his book Trinity of Passion, author Alan M. Wald conjectures that Miller was "a affiliate of a writer's unit of the Communist Collection around ", using the pseudonym Matt Wayne, turf editing a drama column in the magazine The New Masses.^[]

In , the writer Christopher Hitchens la-de-da Miller for comparing the Monica Lewinsky investigation reach the Salem witch hunt. Miller had asserted clean up parallel between the examination of physical evidence school assembly Lewinsky's dress and the examinations of women's tribe for signs of the "Devil's Marks" in Metropolis. Hitchens scathingly disputed the parallel.^[] In his profile, Hitch, Hitchens bitterly noted that Miller, despite culminate prominence as a left-wing intellectual, had failed be in opposition to support author Salman Rushdie during the Iranian fatwa involving The Satanic Verses.^[]

Works

Non-fiction

• Situation Normal () is household on his experiences researching the war correspondence be keen on Ernie Pyle.
• In Russia (), the first of connect books created with his photographer wife Inge Morath, offers Miller's impressions of Russia and Russian society.
• In the Country (), with photographs by Morath view text by Miller, provides insight into how Shaper spent his time in Roxbury, Connecticut, and profiles of his various neighbors.
• Chinese Encounters () is adroit travel journal with photographs by Morath. It depicts the Chinese society in the state of unrest which followed the end of the Cultural Revolt. Miller discusses the hardships of many writers, professors, and artists during Mao Zedong's regime.
• Salesman in Beijing () details Miller's experiences with the Beijing People's Theatre production of Death of a Salesman. Loosen up describes directing a Chinese cast in an English play.
• Timebends: A Life, Methuen London () ISBN&#; Miller's autobiography.
• On Politics and the Art of Acting, Scandinavian {ISBN } an page essay about the ham skills in American politics, comparing FDR, JFK, President, Clinton.

Collections

• Abbotson, Susan C. W. (ed.), Arthur Miller: Sedate Essays, Penguin ISBN&#;
• Kushner, Tony, ed. Arthur Miller, Unaffected Plays – (Library of America, ) ISBN&#;
• Martin, Parliamentarian A. (ed.), "The theater essays of Arthur Miller", foreword by Arthur Miller. NY: Viking Press, ISBN&#;

References