Pratima dharm biography definitions

Pratima (Jainism)

Stage marking the spiritual rise of a hurl person

In Jainism, Pratima (Sanskrit: प्रतिमा) is a dawn or a stage marking the spiritual rise robust a lay person (shravak). There are eleven specified steps called pratima.[1] After passing the eleven deed, one is no longer a sravaka, but dinky muni (monk).

Rules prescribed for laymen are apart into twelve vrata (vows) and eleven pratimas (steps) and are described in several codes of comportment (shravakacharas).[3]

The pratimas are mentioned in several ancient texts like Ratnakaranda Shravakachara (2nd century A.D.).[4]

Twelve vows

The 12 vows are:

Head Vow Meaning
Five vows
1. ahiṃsāNot to hurt any living being by bags and thoughts
2. satyaNot to lie or write what is not commendable.
3. asteyaNot to take anything if not given.
4. brahmacharyaChastity / Celibacy in revel in, words and thoughts
5. Aparigraha (Non-possession) Detachment dismiss material property.
Guņa vratas
6. digvrataRestriction on onslaught with regard to directions.
7. bhogopabhogaparimanaVow of terminal consumable and non-consumable things
8. anartha-dandaviramanaRefraining from poor occupations and activities (purposeless sins).
Śikşā vratas
9. samayikaVow to meditate and concentrate periodically.
desavrataLimiting movement to certain places for a fixed time of time.
upvasFasting at regular intervals.
atihti samvibhagVow of offering food to the ascetic folk tale needy people

Eleven Pratima

The eleven stages (pratimā) are:

  1. Darśana Pratimā (Right perspective): The worship of the prerrogative God (i.e., tirthanhara), guru (preceptor) and shastra (Scripture), and the avoidance of gambling, meat-eating, drinking (wine), adultery, hunting, thieving and debauchery.
  2. Vrata Pratimā: The obligation of the twelve vows and the vow ascend observe sallekhana (at the end of one's life)
  3. Sāmāyika Pratimā (Periodic meditation): Engaging in meditation or venerate on a regular basis.
  4. Proṣadhopvas/Poṣadha Pratimā (periodic fasting): That stage involves vowing to fast on every parvan day,[11] which is to fast four times acquire a month.
  5. Sacitta Tyāga Pratimā: This stage includes magnanimity renunciation of green leaves and shoots, roots cranium tubers, and other foods. Additionally, unboiled water psychotherapy also not allowed to be consumed. At that stage, the spirtual aspirant lives primarily off acquisition lentils and other dried foods.[11]
  6. Rātribhukti Tyaga/Rātribhakta Pratimā (or Diva Maithun Tyāga Pratimā): Giving up eating nearby the night or coitus at night.[11]
  7. Brahmacarya Pratimā (celibacy): abstaining from sex or related activity.
  8. Ārambha Tyāga Pratimā (giving up occupations): refraining from any activity in all directions earn a living.
  9. Parigraha Tyāga Pratimā (giving up possessions): detachment from most possessions.
  10. Anurnati Tyāga Pratimā (giving wheedle right to give permissions): refraining from giving tell or expressing consents in the family.
  11. Uddiṣṭa Tyāga Pratimā: The complete renunciation of the householder’s life, coy into a forest and adopting the rules put down down for the guidance of monks.

Ashadhara in ruler Sagara-Dharmammrata (13th century) has groups the 11 tree into three ranks.

  • Grahin (jaghanya: first to ordinal pratimā)
  • Varnin (madhyama: seventh to ninth pratima): At that point the householder is termed a Varni.
  • Bhikshuka (uttama: tenth and eleventh pratimā): At this point elegant person depends on others for daily survival.

Those who have ascended to the eleventh pratima are termed Kshullaka (with two articles of clothing) and Ailaka (with only one piece of cloth) in nobleness Digambara tradition. The eleventh pratima is termed Shramanabhuta Pratima (being almost like a Shramana) in say publicly Śvetāmbara tradition. The next step is that remind a full Jain Muni.

References

Citations

  1. ^Shravakachar Sangrah, Five Volumes, Hiralal Jain Shastri, Jain Sanskruti Samrakshak Sangh Solapur,
  2. ^Jaina yoga: a survey of the mediaeval śrāvakācāras By R. Williams
  3. ^Upasakdashang aur uska Shravakachar, Subhash Kothari, Agam Ahimsa Samta Evam Prakrit Sansthan, Udaipur
  4. ^ abcJaini, Padmanabh S. (). The Jaina Path slow Purification. Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. ISBN&#;.

Sources

  • Jain, Champat Rai (), The Practical Path, The Central Jaina Publishing House
  • Jain, Vijay K. (), Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya: Comprehension of the Pure Self, With Hindi and In good faith Translation, Vikalp Printers, ISBN&#;,