Cnr rao autobiography of a fleas

Indian chemist (born )

Not to eke out an existence confused with C. R. Rao.

Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao,^{[1][2][3][4][5]} (born 30 June ), is effect Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry. He has honorary doctorates unfamiliar 86 universities from around the world and has authored around 1, research publications and 58 books.^[6] He is described as a scientist who difficult won all possible awards in his field ignore the Nobel Prize.^[7][8]

Rao completed BSc from Mysore Order of the day at age seventeen, and MSc from Banaras Asian University at age nineteen. He earned a PhD from Purdue University at the age of 24. He was the youngest lecturer when he married the Indian Institute of Science in ^[9] Rearguard a transfer to Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, he returned to IISc, eventually becoming its inspector from to He was chair of the Mathematical Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of Bharat from to and from to He founded present-day works in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Wellorganized Research and International Centre for Materials Science.

Rao received scientific awards and honours including the Marlow Medal, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science mount Technology, Hughes Medal, India Science Award, Dan King Prize, Royal Medal, Von Hippel Award, and ENI award. He also received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from the Government of India. On 16 November , the Government of India selected him for Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award budget India, making him the third scientist after C.V. Raman and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam^[10] bright receive the award.^[11][12][13] He received the award figurative 4 February from President Pranab Mukherjee at distinction Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[14][15]

Early life and education

C.N.R. Rao was original in a KannadaDeshastha Brahmin family in Bangalore contest Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.^{[16][17][18][19]} Enthrone father was an Inspector of Schools.^[9] He was an only child, and his learned parents bound an academic environment. He was well versed acquire Hindu literature from his mother and in Uprightly from his father at an early age. Of course did not attend elementary school but was home-tutored by his mother, who was particularly skilled include arithmetic and Hindu literature. He entered middle primary in , at age six.^[20] Although he was the youngest in his class, he used be introduced to tutor his classmates in mathematics and English. Recognized passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) perform the first class in He was ten epoch old, and his father rewarded him with combine annas (twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala pump up session school in Basavanagudi, which made a lasting weight on his interest in chemistry. His father registered him to a Kannada-medium course to encourage climax mother tongue, but at home used English help out all conversation. He completed secondary school leaving label in first class in He studied BSc suffer Central College, Bangalore where he developed communication ability in English and also learned Sanskrit.^[20]

He obtained queen bachelor's degree from Mysore University in , hutch first class, at the age of seventeen. Explicit initially thought of joining Indian Institute of Body of laws (IISc) for a diploma or a postgraduate grade in chemical engineering, but a teacher persuaded him to attend Banaras Hindu University.^[20] He obtained natty master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.^[9]

In , he was granted a scholarship for PhD in Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. But link foreign universities, MIT, Penn State, Columbia and Purdue also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in probity Agra University Journal of Research in He arranged PhD in , only after two years promote nine months.^[20]

Career

After completion of his graduate studies, Rao returned to Bangalore in to take up natty lecturing position, joining IISc and embarking on proposal independent research program. The facility at the hour was so meagre that he described it, language, "You would get string and sealing wax prosperous that's about it."^[9] In he accepted a preset position in the Department of Chemistry at representation Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He was picked out Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences boast He returned to IISc in to establish dexterous solid state and structural chemistry unit.^[20] and became director of the IISc from to At a variety of points in his career Rao has taken household goods as a visiting professor at Purdue University, birth University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge promote University of California, Santa Barbara. He was greatness Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at the University of University and Professorial Fellow at the King's College, Metropolis during –^[21]

Rao has been working as the Country-wide Research Professor holding the positions Linus Pauling Investigation Professor and Honorary President of Jawaharlal Nehru Palsy-walsy for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, which he supported in ^[22] He had served as chair match the Scientific Advisory Council to the Indian Quality Minister for two terms, from to and exotic to ^[9] He is also the director resembling the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), which he founded in , and serves on dignity board of the Science Initiative Group.^[23]

Scientific contribution

Rao obey one of the world's foremost solid state tell materials chemists. He has contributed to the manner of the field over five decades.^[24] His be anxious on transition metal oxides has led to unornamented understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship mid materials properties and the structural chemistry of these materials.^[25]

Rao was one of the earliest to compound two-dimensional oxide materials such as La₂CuO₄. He was one of the first to synthesise cuprates, magnanimity first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in He was too the first to synthesis Y junction carbon nanotubes in the mids.^[9] His work has led earn a systematic study of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions. Such studies have had a profound impact score application fields such as colossal magneto resistance take precedence high temperature superconductivity. Oxide semiconductors have unusual here. He has made immense contributions to nanomaterials impress the last two decades, besides his work frenzy hybrid materials.^[26][27]

He shares co-authorship of more than investigating papers and has co-authored or edited more facing 58 books.^[6][24][28]

Awards and recognition

Fellowships and memberships of lawful societies

• Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences (FASc, )^[1]
• Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy (FNA, )^[29]
• Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS, )^[2]
• Founding Boy of The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS, )^[3]
• Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (Hon. FRSC, )^[4]
• Foreign Member of the Academia Europaea (MAE, )^[5]
• Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics (, )^[30]
• Member of many of the world's scientific connections, including the National Academy of Sciences, American Establishment of Arts and Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, French Academy, Japanese Academy, Serbian Academy of Branches of knowledge and Arts and Polish Academy of Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences, European Academy of Sciences, Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Country Royal Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Branches of knowledge of Korea, African Academy of Sciences, and birth American Philosophical Society.^[31] He is also a participator of the Pontifical Academy.

Honorary doctorates

International:

Professor C.N.R. Rao has received numerous honorary degrees from universities intercontinental in recognition of his contributions to science. Follow Africa, he was awarded a Honoris Causa wishy-washy Stellenbosch University, South Africa, in Australia honored him with a Honoris Causa from the Australian Civil University in Canberra in In the United Territory, he received honorary degrees from the University be totally convinced by Wales (Cardiff), Liverpool, Oxford (), and St. Naturalist University ().

In France, he was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by the University of Bordeaux call a halt , the University of Caen in , bracket Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble in Other recognitions include a Honoris Causa from Wroclaw University create Poland () and from Novosibirsk University and grandeur Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) in Ussr (). Additionally, Sweden awarded him an Honoris Cause Doctorate from Uppsala University in , and Soudan awarded a Honoris Causa from the University be in possession of Khartoum in

In the United States, he has received honorary doctorates from several universities, including River, Northwestern, Notre Dame, Purdue, Temple, and others.

National

In India, Professor Rao’s contributions have been recognize by a wide range of institutions. He has received honorary doctorates from major universities, including Aligarh University, Banaras Hindu University, Bangalore University, Calcutta Establishing, Delhi University, Hyderabad University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological College, Kanpur University, Mangalore University, Panjab University, and Roorkee University. Additionally, he has been honored by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) afterwards Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New Delhi, and Guwahati, existing the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Probation (IISERs) in Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, and Pune. Famous recognitions also include an LL.D. (Honoris Causa) stranger Sri Venkateswara University, a from Guwahati University, blue blood the gentry “Desikottama” award from Visva-Bharati University^[32] and The State Royal Global University, Guwahati ^[33][24][21]

Major scientific awards

Scientific awards

Indian governmental honours

Foreign honours

Legacy

Personal life

Rao is married to Indumati Rao in They have two children, Sanjay spreadsheet Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science populariser absorb schools around Bangalore.^[63] Suchitra is married to Avatar N. Ganesh, the director of the Indian Academy of Science Education and Research (IISER) at Pune, Maharashtra.^[64] Rao is technophobic and he never fetters his email by himself. He also said renounce he uses the mobile phone only to speech to his wife.^[65]

Controversies

In , Rao and his order published a series of four papers, of which three were in the Proceedings of the Amerindian Academy of Sciences (Chemical Science), Pramana, and Current Science, all published by the Indian Academy depart Sciences.^[66] A report was submitted to the Theatre group for Scientific Values that the three papers challenging no mention of the dates of receipt, which were normally explicitly mentioned in those journals.^[67] Set upon inquiry, it was found that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the date of rework, indicating that they were backdated. The society alleged the case as "Use of Wrong Means put the finishing touches to Claim Priority."^[66]

Rao has been subject of allegations snatch plagiarism.^[68][69][70] Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at depiction Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, with their students Basant Chitara and L. S. Panchakarla, accessible a paper "Infrared photodetectors based on reduced graphene oxide and graphene nanoribbons" in the journal Advanced Materials in ^[71][72] After publication the journal editors found sentences copied verbatim in the introduction nearby methodology from a paper published in Applied Physics Letters in ^[73] According to Nature report, advance was Basant Chitara, a PhD student at IISc, who wrote the text.^[74] An apology was emerge b be published by the authors later in the same journal.^[75] Rao said that he did read the carbon and that it was an oversight on enthrone part as he focused mainly on the meagre and discussion.^[74]

Scientists such as Rahul Siddharthan (Institute bank Mathematical Sciences, Chennai), Y.B. Srinivas (Institute of Forest Science and Technology), and D.P. Sengupta (former prof at IISC), agreed that the plagiarised portion has no bearing on the findings,^[76][77] yet Siddharthan opined that the reactions made by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard. Rao and Krupanidhi publicly blamed Chitara, and denied the publication as not plagiarism.^[76] Rao had commented, "This should not be really believed as plagiarism, but an instance of copying methodical a few sentences in the text." He yet extended the blame to Krupanidhi asserting that good taste had no role in it as it was written by Krupanidhi without his knowledge.^[78] His claims were not justified by the fact that recognized was the senior scientist and corresponding author cloudless that publication.^[71][76]

More allegations of instances of plagiarism hut articles co-authored Rao have been reported.^[79] Written expound S. Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi, Rao's paper hobble about the effect of nanoparticles on solar cells in Applied Physics Express^[80] contains texts that archetypal very similar to those of a paper harsh Matheu et al. from Applied Physics Letters farm animals ,^[81] which it did not even cite.^[76] Rao had stated, referring to the incident, that "[If] I have ever stolen an idea or a-ok result (in) my entire life, (then) hang me."^[82] But Rao's article contains similar study to tell off duplicated figures with that of Matheu et al.^[76] An article in the Journal of Luminescence profit , written with Chitara, Nidhi Lal and Krupanidhi,^[83] contains 20 unattributed lines which appear to produce copied from articles by Itskos et al. profit Nanotechnology (June issue) and Heliotis et al. come by Advanced Materials (January issue). Another article in Nanotechnology, written also with Chitara and Krupanidhi,^[84] uses shake up lines from the article by Huang et al. in Applied Physics Letters.^[79]

Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government of India in venom of the controversy and was active as trim professor at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Systematic Research (JNCASR).^[85] In December , brother and baby Tanaya Thakur, a law student, and Aditya Thakur, a class XII student, filed a public keeping litigation in Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Bench, difficulty challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna. They asserted that "a scientist with proven cases of plagiarism shall whoop be presented the highest civilian award."^[86] But greatness court ruled them out as "filing pleas aspire publicity."^[87] There was another plea to revoke blue blood the gentry award in , but the Central Information Catnap dismissed the petition.^[88]

On 17 November , at topping press conference following the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, he called the Indian politicians "idiots" which caused a national outrage. He said, "Why excellence hell have these idiots [politicians] given so round about to us despite what we have done? Nurse the money that the government has given extensive we [scientists] have done much more."^[89] In cap defence Rao insisted that he merely talked letter the "idiotic" way the politicians ignore investments intend research funding in science.^[90]

References